Probability Calculator

Calculate probability of events including single, multiple, conditional, and Bayesian probability.

A probability calculator computes the likelihood of events using basic probability rules, combinations, and permutations.

Select the calculation mode: single event probability, combined AND (intersection), combined OR (union), or conditional probability. Enter probability values between 0 and 1. The calculator will compute the requested probability and show step-by-step work.

Examples

Coin and Die

P(heads AND rolling 6) = 0.5 × (1/6) = 0.0833 or 8.33%

Drawing cards

P(red OR face card) = 26/52 + 12/52 - 6/52 = 32/52 = 0.615

Conditional

If P(rain|cloudy) = 0.4 and P(cloudy) = 0.3, then P(rain AND cloudy) = 0.12

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between P(A ∩ B) and P(A ∪ B)?
P(A ∩ B) is the probability both events occur (AND). P(A ∪ B) is the probability at least one event occurs (OR).
What does conditional probability mean?
P(A|B) is the probability of event A occurring given that event B has already occurred.
When are events independent?
Events are independent when the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other, meaning P(A|B) = P(A).
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Quick Tips

  • Double-check your inputs — small errors lead to incorrect results.
  • Use decimal form for fractions when entering probability values (e.g., 0.5 instead of 1/2).
  • Remember that P(A or B) must account for overlap by subtracting P(A and B).

A probability calculator computes the likelihood of events using basic probability rules, combinations, and permutations.

How to Use This Calculator

Select the calculation mode: single event probability, combined AND (intersection), combined OR (union), or conditional probability. Enter probability values between 0 and 1. The calculator will compute the requested probability and show step-by-step work.

Understanding the Formula

P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B) for independent events; P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B); P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)

Examples

Coin and Die

P(heads AND rolling 6) = 0.5 × (1/6) = 0.0833 or 8.33%

Drawing cards

P(red OR face card) = 26/52 + 12/52 - 6/52 = 32/52 = 0.615

Conditional

If P(rain|cloudy) = 0.4 and P(cloudy) = 0.3, then P(rain AND cloudy) = 0.12

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between P(A ∩ B) and P(A ∪ B)?

P(A ∩ B) is the probability both events occur (AND). P(A ∪ B) is the probability at least one event occurs (OR).

What does conditional probability mean?

P(A|B) is the probability of event A occurring given that event B has already occurred.

When are events independent?

Events are independent when the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other, meaning P(A|B) = P(A).

Assumptions & Limitations

  • Assumes events are independent for combined probability (AND) calculations.
  • Assumes probability values are between 0 and 1 inclusive.
  • Results may show floating-point approximations for irrational numbers.